Sharciga Dadka Mareykanka ee Naafada ah (Americans with Disabilities Act) (ADA): Sharcigan federaaliga ah, ee la ansixiyay 1990, ayaa mamnuucaya takoorka ka dhanka ah dadka naafada ah ee xagga shaqada iyo adeegyada dawlada, gaadiidka dadweynaha iyo kuwa gaarka ah, hoyga dadweynaha, iyo adeegyada isgaarsiinta.
Dukaanka khidmo uruurinta: Goob shaqo oo shaqaalaha diida inay ku biiraan midowga looga baahan yahay inay ku bixiyaan khidmo adeeg. (Kanada, waxaa sida caadiga ah loo yaqaano Rand formula.)
Garqaadid: Hab lagu xalliyo khilaafyada iyaga oo loo gudbinayo koox saddexaad oo dhexdhexaad ah kuwaas oo go’aankoodu yahay kama dambays oo la fulinayo. (Sidoo kale eeg Dhexdhexaadin.)
Kooxda gorgortanka: Koox shaqaale ah oo si wadajir ah ula gorgortama loo-shaqeeyahooda. Kooxda waxaa ka mid noqon kara dhammaan shaqaalaha hal goob oo shaqo ama dhawr goobo shaqo (“badan ama ballaaran”), ama waxaa ka mid noqon kara kaliya shaqaalaha ka shaqeeya hal shaqo ee joogo hal goob shaqo.
Cunaqabatayn: Hab sharci ah oo cadaadis wadajir ah lagu saaro loo-shaqeeye iyada oo la is-farayo inaan la isticmaalin badeecadaha ama adeegyada loo-shaqeeyaha. Marki cunaqabataynka la saaro hay’ad kale oo ganacsi la leh loo-shaqeeyaha khilaafka ku lug leh, waxaa loo yaqaan cunaqabataynka “labaad” waana sharci darro.
Khudmo ka jarista mushaharka: Qodob heshiis oo u oggolaanaya loo-shaqeeyaha inuu ka jaro khidmada xubinnimo ee midowga iyo/ama wax ku biirinta siyaasadeed jeegga mushaharka ee shaqaalaha kadibna uu u diro midowga.
Gorgortanka Wadajirka ah: Wada-xaajoodyada tooska ah ee u dhexeeya midowga iyo loo-shaqeeyaha si loo go’aamiyo mushaharka, saacadaha shaqada, iyo xaaladaha shaqada ee muddo go’an (muddada heshiiska).
Heshiis: Dukumeentiga sharciga ah ee qeexaya heshiiska gorgortanka lagu galay ee u dhexeeya midwoga iyo loo shaqeeyaha.
Cabirka kharashka ku kaca noolasha: Erayga guud ee Consumer Price Index (Cabirka Celceliska Isbaddelka Qiimaha Noolasha) ama CPI. Iyada oo ka soo baxda Waaxda Shaqada ee Mareykanka, CPI waxay ka tarjumtaa isbeddelka billaha ah ee qiimaha (caadi ahaan kor u kaca) ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha ee caadiga ah. Qodobbada heshiiska ee ku xidha mushaharka CPI waxa loo yaqaanaa qodobbada “COLAs” ama “escalator”.
Ictiraaf kala noqosho: Cod ay qaadaan koox shaqaala ah oo joojisa xuquuqda midowga ee inuu matalo iyaga. Doorashooyinka “Ictiraaf la noqohada” waxaa qabto NLRB (ama hay’ad kale oo shaqaalaha dawlada).
Guddiga Fursadaha Loo Siman Yahay ee Shaqada (EEOC): Hay’addan federaalka ah waxay dhaqangelisaa Ciwaanka VII ee Xeerka Xuquuqda Madaniga ah ee 1964, kaas oo mamnuucaya takoorka shaqada ee ku salaysan isir, midab, diin, jinsi, ama asal qaran, iyo sidoo kale Sharciga Takoorka Da’da ee Shaqada (ADEA), Sharciga Mushaharka Simman, iyo Sharciga Dadka Maraykanka ee Naafada ah.
“Free rider” (Dul-saar): Eray af-lagaado ah oo loogu waco shaqaalaha diida inuu ku biiro midowga balse ku raaxaysta faa’iidooyinka la midka ah kuwa ay helaan xubnaha khidmada xubinnimo bixiyo.
Shaqo joojin: Xeelad ay adeegsadaan loo-shaqeeyayaasha oo shaqaalaha laga mamnuucayo shaqada marka uu heshiiska ka dhaco. Waxaa loo adeegsadaa in cadaadis lagu saaro midowga marka uu jiro khilaaf shaqaale.
Ilaalinta xubinnimada: Qoddobka ammaanka ee midwoga kaas oo u baahan shaqaalaha iskood ugu biiraya midowga inay xubin ka sii ahaadaan ilaa dhamaadka heshiiska.
Dhexdhexaadin: Dadaallo aan qasab ahayn oo ay sameeyaan koox saddexaad oo dhexdhexaad ah si ay gacan uga gaystaan xallinta khilaafaadka, badanaa inta lagu jiro wada-xaajoodka. Dhexdhexaadin (sidoo kale loo yaqaano “heshiisiin”) ayaa inta badan ah tallaabada ugu danbaysa ka hor garqaadida. Dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha waxay isku dayaan inay qanciyaan. Dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha waxay gaari karaan go’aan.
Qoddobka ku biirista iyo ku nagaanshaha midowga: Qoddob heshiis oo faraya dhammaan shaqaalaha cusub inay ku soo biiraan midowga sidoo kalana faraya shaqaalaha hadda shaqeeya ee ka mid ah midowga inay ku sii nagaadaan.
Sharciga Qaran Ee Xidhiidhka Shaqaalaha: Sidoo kale loo yaqaano Sharciga Wagner, sharcigan shaqada ee federaaliga ah ee la ansixiyay 1935 wuxuu u dammaanad qaadayaa shaqaalaha ganacsiyada gaarka loo leeyahay xaqa ay u leeyihiin “inay ka qaybgalaan hawlaha wadajir ah oo loogu talagalay gorgortanka wadajir ah ama kaalmo kale ama ilaalin kale oo laba dhinac ah.” Hay’adda Guddida Qaran Ee Xidhiidhka Shaqaalaha (NLRB) ayaa mas’uul ka ah maamulida sharciga.
Sharciga Badqabka Iyo Caafimaadka ee Shaqada: Sharcigan Mareykanka ee la ansixiyay 1970-kii waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu xaqiijiyo in dhammaan ragga iyo dumarka shaqeeya ee qaranka ay ku raaxaystaan “xaalado shaqo oo badqab iyo caafimaad leh” intii suurtagal ah. Caymiska hoos yimaada OSHA wuxuu noqon karaa mid heer federaal ama gobol ah, kaas oo ay shaqaalaha iyo loo-shaqeeyayaasha ay ku leeyihiin xuquuq iyo waajibaad cayiman.
Dhaqanka shaqada ee aan cadaaladda ahayn: Si ka duwan cabashada, taas oo ah ku xadgudubka heshiiska, dhaqanka shaqada ee aan cadaaladda ahayn (“ULP”) waa xadgudub ka dhan ah sharciga shaqada.
Ammaanka midowga: Qoddob kasta oo heshiiska u baahan dukaanka midowga, qoddobka ku biirista iyo ku nagaanshaha midowga, ilaalinta xubinnimada:, ama dukaanka khidmo uruurinta.
Magdhawga shaqaalaha: Nidaam caymis oo lagu dejiyay sharciga gobolka si loo siiyo dheefo shaqaalaha ay ku dhacaan dhaawac ama jirro la xiriirta shaqada. Sida uu sharciga qabo, shaqaalaha ma dacwayn karaan loo-sghaqeeye gaarka ah.
BIBLIYEER
Buugasha tixraaca:
A Need for Valor: The Roots of the Service Employees International Union (Asalka Midowga Caalamiga ah ee Shaqaalaha Adeegga). daabacaadda 2-aad. Washington, D.C., SEIU publication, 1992
David Prosten. The Union Steward’s Complete Guide (Hagaha dhammaystiran ee wakiilka Midowga), daabacaadda 1-aad. Union Communications Services, Inc. Washington, D.C.
Steward Update (Warbixinta Wakiilka). Union Communications Services, Inc. Washington, D.C.
Guia para el Representante Sindical, Edicion en Espanol. (Esta es una recopilacion de 140 paginas con mas de 125 articulos de folletin “Steward Update.”) Union Communications Services, Inc. Washington, D.C.
Grievance Guide (Hagaha Cbashada). daabacaadda 10-aad. Bureau of National Affairs, Washington, D.C.
Elkori and Elkori. How Arbitration Works (Sida ay Garqaadida u Shaqayso). daabacaadda 5-aad. with 1999 supplement. Bureau of National Affairs, Washington, D.C.
Dan La Botz. Trouble maker’s Handbook: How to Fight Back Where You Work — and Win! (Buug-yaraha Qas Wadayaasha: Sida Wax La Iskaga Dhiciyo ee Goobta Aad Ka Shaqayso — looba Guulaysto)! Labor Heritage Foundation, Catalogue of Labor Music, Books, Art and Video (Daliil-hayaha Muusiga Shaqada, Buugaag, Farshaxan iyo Muuqaal).
Robert M. Schwartz. Xuquuqaha Sharciga ah ee Wakiilada Midowga. Work Rights Press.